Assignment 204 Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care
204 Task A Booklet
Create a booklet about safeguarding, which can be used as a reminder for people who work in the care profession.
The booklet must:
Ai Describe in your own words what is meant by the following types of abuse:
• Physical abuse - Physical Abuse is 'the non-accidental infliction of physical force that results in bodily injury, pain or impairment'.
• Sexual abuse - Sexual Abuse is defined as 'direct or indirect involvement in sexual activity without valid consent.' Consent to a particular activity may not be given because:
A person has capacity and does not want to give it;
A person lacks capacity and is therefore unable to give it;
A person feels coerced into activity because the other person is in a position of trust, power or authority.
• Emotional/psychological abuse - Emotional Abuse is defined as 'the use of threats, humiliation, bullying, swearing and other verbal conduct, or any other form of mental cruelty, which results in mental or physical distress. It includes the denial of basic human and civil rights, such as choice, self-expression, privacy and dignity.'
• Financial abuse - Financial Abuse is defined as "the unauthorised and improper use of funds, property or any resources belonging to an individual".
Those who financially abuse may be people who hold a position of trust, power, and authority or has the confidence of the Adult at Risk.
• Institutional abuse - Repeated instances of poor care may be an indication of more serious problems.
Institutional Abuse is abuse (as described above) that arises from an unsatisfactory regime. It occurs when the routines, systems and norms of an institution override the needs of those it is there to support. Such regimes compel individuals to sacrifice their own preferred life style and cultural diversity in favour of the interests of those there to support them, and others. This can be the product of both ineffectual and punitive management styles, creating a climate within which abuse of Adults at Risk, intentional or otherwise, is perpetrated by individual staff and others. There is a lack of good leadership within the institution and members of staff are not equipped to carry out the care required.
Managers and staff of such services have a responsibility to ensure that the operation of the service is focused on the needs of service users, not on those of the institution. Managers will ensure they have mechanisms in place that both maintain and review the appropriateness, quality and impact of the service for which they are responsible. These mechanisms will always take into account the views of service users, their carers and relatives.
• Self neglect – Self-neglect on the part of an Adult at Risk will not usually lead to the initiation of adult safeguarding procedures unless the situation involves a significant act of commission or omission by someone else with established responsibility for the adult's care. However if practitioners are concerned that an Adult at Risk is neglecting themselves to the degree that it is putting themselves or others at risk,
• Neglect by others - Neglect is defined as 'the repeated deprivation of assistance that the Adult at Risk needs for important activities of daily living, including a failure to intervene in behaviour which is dangerous to the Adult at Risk or to others, and poor manual handling techniques.'
Aii Identify signs and symptoms of the different types of abuse
Signs and Symptoms of Physical Abuse:
The signs of Physical Abuse are often evident but can also be hidden by the abuser or the victim. Any unexplained injuries should always be fully investigated. Evidence to look out for includes:
Any injury not fully explained by the history given;
Injuries inconsistent with the lifestyle of the Adult at Risk;
Bruises and/or welts on face, lips, mouth, torso, arms, back, buttocks, thighs;
Clusters of injuries forming regular patterns or reflecting the shape of an article;
Burns, especially on soles, palms or back; from immersion in hot water, friction burns, rope or electric appliance burns;
Multiple fractures;
Lacerations or abrasions to mouth, lips, gums, eyes, external genitalia;
Marks on body, including slap marks, finger marks;
Injuries at different stages of healing.
Aiii Explain the correct actions to take if you suspect an individual is being abused
Report your concerns to your line manager/supervisor.
Write a private account for your records. Obviously that can't go in the Care Plan otherwise the abuser might see it.
Aiv Explain the correct actions to take if an individual tells you they are being abused
If a client tell you they are being abused, you should stop what you're doing and listen carefully to them. All conversations should be treated with confidence and information only passed on to those who need to know. Even if the person speaks in the strictest of confidence, line managers must still be informed and the discussion written down. Never agree with the client that you wont tell anyone else. Say that you'll only tell someone who can do something about it.
If the abuse is physical, no attempt should be made to clean anything such as clothes or residence. The client should be dissuaded to wash. Other people should be kept out of the way. With financial abuse, evidence could be paperwork such as bank statements so these should not be thrown away. You should only remove anything that could be evidence if you suspect the abuser might dispose of it before the authorities can see it.
Av Identify how to ensure that any evidence of abuse is kept safe
If a client tell you they are being abused, you should stop what you're doing and listen carefully to them. All conversations should be treated with confidence and information only passed on to those who need to know. Even if the person speaks in the strictest of confidence, line managers must still be informed and the discussion written down. Never agree with the client that you wont tell anyone else. Say that you'll only tell someone who can do something about it.
If the abuse is physical, no attempt should be made to clean anything such as clothes or residence. The client should be dissuaded to wash. Other people should be kept out of the way. With financial abuse, evidence could be paperwork such as bank statements so these should not be thrown away. You should only remove anything that could be evidence if you suspect the abuser might dispose of it before the authorities can see it.
Avi Identify the national policies that set out requirements for safeguarding individuals
The national polices that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse are the safeguarding board, the social services. The child protection agencies like the NSPCC Childline. The H.uman rights act 1998 and the Equalityact of 2000.
Avii Identify the local and organisational systems for safeguarding
Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 National Vetting Scheme
Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
Criminal Record Bureau (CRB) checks
Mental Capacity Act 2005
Codes of practice for health and social care (2000)
Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2007
Safeguarding Adults’ national policy review (2009)
Offences Against the Persons Act 1861
Work of the Care Quality Commission - Essential Standards of Quality and Safety 2010
Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006)
Fraud Act 2006
Every Child Matters’ (2003)
No Secrets Guidance 2000/9
Common Assessment Framework (CAF)
The scope of responsibility of the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA)
Local systems include:
The scope of responsibility of Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards (LSCBs),
Protection Committees Local Safeguarding Adults Boards (LSABs)
Local Area Agreements (LAAs)
Your own local authority’s safeguarding procedure
Your organisations policies and procedures
Aviii Explain the roles of different agencies and professionals that are involved in safeguarding individuals
Police, criminal (assault, fraud, theft, domestic violence)
Council, to protect people using their service - make sure they're safe. Extend help where needed to support those experiencing abuse and neglect in their own homes
Social Workers, To investigate actual or suspected abuse or neglect
CRB, to check an individuals past to see if they have any criminal convictions.
Care provider such as Home Care Agency.
Medical professionals such as GP, A&E staff, nurses, doctors: they can examine, diagnose & treat, they can record: this can include photographic evidence.
An Expert Witness: this is a specialist within a subject such as paediatris, geriatrics, psychiatrics.
The local authority Social Services dept would carry out an assessment of needs, this would include any unpaid carer of individual.
Safeguarding Team, within Social Services dept: investigates & ensures safety, work with other agencies such as police. A Safeguarding & Protection Officer would lead the Adult Protection Alert.
Police: to investigate/prosecute, to work with other agencies, to provide support to victims, to raise awareness of crimes, crime prevention.
Care Quality Commission to regulate & inspect care providers.
Independent Safeguarding Authority, this includes Vetting & Barring Scheme, to safeguard & protect vulnerable people before employment commences, incl CRB.
Aix Identify sources of advice, support and information to help social care workers understand their own role in safeguarding
I guess this relates to what your employee has in place to ensure the safety & well-being of the people who use the service, eg policies & procedures, including a Safeguarding Policy, Whistleblowing Policy, Complaints Policy, support plans, risk assessments, training for staff eg Safeguarding, Mental Capacity Act 2005, Movement & Handling, just think about your role & all you do to ensure safety & well-being of people you work with.
Who can you go to for advice,support plans & info: your line manager, colleagues, local authority - Safeguarding Team, regulator - Care Quality Commission - read up on latest info,use the internet, what info were you given on your Safeguarding training, etc
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